Gurmukhi character tables

This document lists the per-character shaping information needed to shape Gurmukhi text.

Contents

• Gurmukhi character table

• Vedic Extensions character table

• Miscellaneous character table

Gurmukhi character table

Gurmukhi glyphs should be classified as in the following table. Codepoints in the Gurmukhi block with no assigned meaning are designated as unassigned in the Unicode category column.

Assigned codepoints with a null in the Shaping class column evoke no special behavior from the shaping engine. Note that this does include some valid codepoints, such as currency marks, punctuation, and other symbols.

Note: the NUMBER and SYMBOL Shaping classes are important during syllable identification, but generally evoke no further special behavior during the rest of the shaping process.

The Mark-placement subclass column indicates mark-placement positioning for codepoints in the Mark category. Assigned, non-mark codepoints have a null in this column and evoke no special mark-placement behavior. Marks tagged with [Mn] in the Unicode category column are categorized as non-spacing; marks tagged with [Mc] are categorized as spacing-combining.

Some codepoints in the following table use a Shaping class that differs from the codepoint’s Unicode General Category. The Shaping class takes precedence during OpenType shaping, as it captures more specific, script-aware behavior.

Table 22 Gurmukhi character table

Codepoint	Unicode category	Shaping class	Mark-placement subclass	Glyph
U+0A00	unassigned
U+0A01	Mark [Mn]	BINDU	TOP_POSITION	ਁ Adak Bindi
U+0A02	Mark [Mn]	BINDU	TOP_POSITION	ਂ Bindi
U+0A03	Mark [Mc]	VISARGA	RIGHT_POSITION	ਃ Visarga
U+0A04	unassigned
U+0A05	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਅ A
U+0A06	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਆ Aa
U+0A07	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਇ I
U+0A08	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਈ Ii
U+0A09	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਉ U
U+0A0A	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਊ Uu
U+0A0B	unassigned
U+0A0C	unassigned
U+0A0D	unassigned
U+0A0E	unassigned
U+0A0F	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਏ Ee
U+0A10	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਐ Ai
U+0A11	unassigned
U+0A12	unassigned
U+0A13	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਓ Oo
U+0A14	Letter	VOWEL_INDEPENDENT	null	ਔ Au
U+0A15	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਕ Ka
U+0A16	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਖ Kha
U+0A17	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਗ Ga
U+0A18	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਘ Gha
U+0A19	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਙ Nga
U+0A1A	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਚ Ca
U+0A1B	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਛ Cha
U+0A1C	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਜ Ja
U+0A1D	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਝ Jha
U+0A1E	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਞ Nya
U+0A1F	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਟ Tta
U+0A20	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਠ Ttha
U+0A21	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਡ Dda
U+0A22	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਢ Ddha
U+0A23	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਣ Nna
U+0A24	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਤ Ta
U+0A25	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਥ Tha
U+0A26	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਦ Da
U+0A27	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਧ Dha
U+0A28	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਨ Na
U+0A29	unassigned
U+0A2A	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਪ Pa
U+0A2B	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਫ Pha
U+0A2C	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਬ Ba
U+0A2D	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਭ Bha
U+0A2E	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਮ Ma
U+0A2F	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਯ Ya
U+0A30	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਰ Ra
U+0A31	unassigned
U+0A32	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਲ La
U+0A33	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਲ਼ Lla
U+0A34	unassigned
U+0A35	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਵ Va
U+0A36	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਸ਼ Sha
U+0A37	unassigned
U+0A38	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਸ Sa
U+0A39	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਹ Ha
U+0A3A	unassigned
U+0A3B	unassigned
U+0A3C	Mark [Mn]	NUKTA	BOTTOM_POSITION	਼ Nukta
U+0A3D	unassigned
U+0A3E	Mark [Mc]	VOWEL_DEPENDENT	RIGHT_POSITION	ਾ Sign Aa
U+0A3F	Mark [Mc]	VOWEL_DEPENDENT	LEFT_POSITION	ਿ Sign I
U+0A40	Mark [Mc]	VOWEL_DEPENDENT	RIGHT_POSITION	ੀ Sign Ii
U+0A41	Mark [Mn]	VOWEL_DEPENDENT	BOTTOM_POSITION	ੁ Sign U
U+0A42	Mark [Mn]	VOWEL_DEPENDENT	BOTTOM_POSITION	ੂ Sign Uu
U+0A43	unassigned
U+0A44	unassigned
U+0A45	unassigned
U+0A46	unassigned
U+0A47	Mark [Mn]	VOWEL_DEPENDENT	TOP_POSITION	ੇ Sign Ee
U+0A48	Mark [Mn]	VOWEL_DEPENDENT	TOP_POSITION	ੈ Sign Ai
U+0A49	unassigned
U+0A4A	unassigned
U+0A4B	Mark [Mn]	VOWEL_DEPENDENT	TOP_POSITION	ੋ Sign Oo
U+0A4C	Mark [Mn]	VOWEL_DEPENDENT	TOP_POSITION	ੌ Sign Au
U+0A4D	Mark [Mn]	VIRAMA	BOTTOM_POSITION	੍ Virama
U+0A4E	unassigned
U+0A4F	unassigned
U+0A50	unassigned
U+0A51	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	null	ੑ Udaat
U+0A52	unassigned
U+0A53	unassigned
U+0A54	unassigned
U+0A55	unassigned
U+0A56	unassigned
U+0A57	unassigned
U+0A58	unassigned
U+0A59	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਖ਼ Khha
U+0A5A	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਗ਼ Ghha
U+0A5B	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਜ਼ Za
U+0A5C	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ੜ Rra
U+0A5D	unassigned
U+0A5E	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ਫ਼ Fa
U+0A5F	unassigned
U+0A60	unassigned
U+0A61	unassigned
U+0A62	unassigned
U+0A63	unassigned
U+0A64	unassigned
U+0A65	unassigned
U+0A66	Number	NUMBER	null	੦ Digit Zero
U+0A67	Number	NUMBER	null	੧ Digit One
U+0A68	Number	NUMBER	null	੨ Digit Two
U+0A69	Number	NUMBER	null	੩ Digit Three
U+0A6A	Number	NUMBER	null	੪ Digit Four
U+0A6B	Number	NUMBER	null	੫ Digit Five
U+0A6C	Number	NUMBER	null	੬ Digit Six
U+0A6D	Number	NUMBER	null	੭ Digit Seven
U+0A6E	Number	NUMBER	null	੮ Digit Eight
U+0A6F	Number	NUMBER	null	੯ Digit Nine
U+0A70	Mark [Mn]	BINDU	TOP_POSITION	ੰ Tippi
U+0A71	Mark [Mn]	GEMINATION_MARK	TOP_POSITION	ੱ Addak
U+0A72	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ੲ Iri
U+0A73	Letter	CONSONANT	null	ੳ Ura
U+0A74	Letter	null	null	ੴ Ek Onkar
U+0A75	Mark [Mn]	CONSONANT_MEDIAL	BOTTOM_POSITION	ੵ Yakash
U+0A76	Punctuation	null	null	੶ Abbreviation Sign
U+0A77	unassigned
U+0A78	unassigned
U+0A79	unassigned
U+0A7A	unassigned
U+0A7B	unassigned
U+0A7C	unassigned
U+0A7D	unassigned
U+0A7E	unassigned
U+0A7F	unassigned

Vedic Extensions character table

Sanskrit runs written in the Gurmukhi script may also include characters from the Vedic Extensions block. These characters should be classified as follows.

Note: See the Vedic Extensions document for additional information.

Table 23 Vedic Extensions character table

Codepoint	Unicode category	Shaping class	Mark-placement subclass	Glyph
U+1CD0	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	TOP_POSITION	᳐ Tone Karshana
U+1CD1	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	TOP_POSITION	᳑ Tone Shara
U+1CD2	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	TOP_POSITION	᳒ Tone Prenkha
U+1CD3	Punctuation	null	null	᳓ Sign Nihshvasa
U+1CD4	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	OVERSTRUCK	᳔ Tone Midline Svarita
U+1CD5	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳕ Tone Aggravated Independent Svarita
U+1CD6	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳖ Tone Independent Svarita
U+1CD7	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳗ Tone Kathaka Independent Svarita
U+1CD8	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳘ Tone Candra Below
U+1CD9	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳙ Tone Kathaka Independent Svarita Schroeder
U+1CDA	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	TOP_POSITION	᳚ Tone Double Svarita
U+1CDB	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	TOP_POSITION	᳛ Tone Triple Svarita
U+1CDC	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳜ Tone Kathaka Anudatta
U+1CDD	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳝ Tone Dot Below
U+1CDE	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳞ Tone Two Dots Below
U+1CDF	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳟ Tone Three Dots Below
U+1CE0	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	TOP_POSITION	᳠ Tone Rigvedic Kashmiri Independent Svarita
U+1CE1	Mark [Mc]	CANTILLATION	RIGHT_POSITION	᳡ Tone Atharavedic Independent Svarita
U+1CE2	Mark [Mn]	AVAGRAHA	OVERSTRUCK	᳢ Sign Visarga Svarita
U+1CE3	Mark [Mn]	null	OVERSTRUCK	᳣ Sign Visarga Udatta
U+1CE4	Mark [Mn]	null	OVERSTRUCK	᳤ Sign Reversed Visarga Udatta
U+1CE5	Mark [Mn]	null	OVERSTRUCK	᳥ Sign Visarga Anudatta
U+1CE6	Mark [Mn]	null	OVERSTRUCK	᳦ Sign Reversed Visarga Anudatta
U+1CE7	Mark [Mn]	null	OVERSTRUCK	᳧ Sign Visarga Udatta With Tail
U+1CE8	Mark [Mn]	AVAGRAHA	OVERSTRUCK	᳨ Sign Visarga Anudatta With Tail
U+1CE9	Letter	SYMBOL	null	ᳩ Sign Anusvara Antargomukha
U+1CEA	Letter	null	null	ᳪ Sign Anusvara Bahirgomukha
U+1CEB	Letter	null	null	ᳫ Sign Anusvara Vamagomukha
U+1CEC	Letter	SYMBOL	null	ᳬ Sign Anusvara Vamagomukha With Tail
U+1CED	Mark [Mn]	AVAGRAHA	BOTTOM_POSITION	᳭ Sign Tiryak
U+1CEE	Letter	SYMBOL	null	ᳮ Sign Hexiform Long Anusvara
U+1CEF	Letter	null	null	ᳯ Sign Long Anusvara
U+1CF0	Letter	null	null	ᳰ Sign Rthang Long Anusvara
U+1CF2	Letter	CONSONANT_DEAD	null	ᳲ Sign Ardhavisarga
U+1CF3	Letter	CONSONANT_DEAD	null	ᳳ Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga
U+1CF3	Mark [Mc]	VISARGA	null	ᳳ Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga
U+1CF4	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	TOP_POSITION	᳴ Tone Candra Above
U+1CF5	Letter	CONSONANT_WITH_STACKER	null	ᳵ Sign Jihvamuliya
U+1CF6	Letter	CONSONANT_WITH_STACKER	null	ᳶ Sign Upadhmaniya
U+1CF7	Mark [Mc]	null	null	᳷ Sign Atikrama
U+1CF8	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	null	᳸ Tone Ring Above
U+1CF9	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	null	᳹ Tone Double Ring Above
U+1CFA	Letter	PLACEHOLDER	null	ᳺ Sign Double Anusvara Antargomukha
U+1CFB	unassigned
U+1CFC	unassigned
U+1CFD	unassigned
U+1CFE	unassigned
U+1CFF	unassigned

Miscellaneous character table

In addition to general punctuation, runs of Gurmukhi text often use the danda (U+0964) and double danda (U+0965) punctuation marks from the Devanagari block. Gurmukhi text can also incorporate the udatta (U+0951) and anudatta (U+0952) signs from the Devanagari block.

Table 24 Additional punctuation character table

Codepoint	Unicode category	Shaping class	Mark-placement subclass	Glyph
U+0951	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	TOP_POSITION	॑ Udatta
U+0952	Mark [Mn]	CANTILLATION	BOTTOM_POSITION	॒ Anudatta
U+0964	Punctuation	null	null	। Danda
U+0965	Punctuation	null	null	॥ Double Danda

Other important characters that may be encountered when shaping runs of Gurmukhi text include the dotted-circle placeholder (U+25CC), the zero-width joiner (U+200D) and zero-width non-joiner (U+200C), and the no-break space (U+00A0).

The dotted-circle placeholder is frequently used when displaying a dependent vowel (matra) or a combining mark in isolation. Real-world text syllables may also use other characters, such as hyphens or dashes, in a similar placeholder fashion; shaping engines should cope with this situation gracefully.

Table 25 Miscellaneous character table

Codepoint	Unicode category	Shaping class	Mark-placement subclass	Glyph
U+00A0	Separator	PLACEHOLDER	null	No-break space
U+200C	Other	NON_JOINER	null	‌ Zero-width non-joiner
U+200D	Other	JOINER	null	‍ Zero-width joiner
U+2010	Punctuation	PLACEHOLDER	null	‐ Hyphen
U+2011	Punctuation	PLACEHOLDER	null	‑ No-break hyphen
U+2012	Punctuation	PLACEHOLDER	null	‒ Figure dash
U+2013	Punctuation	PLACEHOLDER	null	– En dash
U+2014	Punctuation	PLACEHOLDER	null	— Em dash
U+25CC	Symbol	DOTTED_CIRCLE	null	◌ Dotted circle

The zero-width joiner (ZWJ) is primarily used to prevent the formation of a conjunct from a “Consonant,Halant,Consonant” sequence. The sequence “Consonant,Halant,ZWJ,Consonant” blocks the formation of a conjunct between the two consonants.

Note, however, that the “Consonant,Halant” subsequence in the above example may still trigger a half-forms feature. To prevent the application of the half-forms feature in addition to preventing the conjunct, the zero-width non-joiner (ZWNJ) must be used instead. The sequence “Consonant,Halant,ZWNJ,Consonant” should produce the first consonant in its standard form, followed by an explicit “Halant”.

A secondary usage of the zero-width joiner is to prevent the formation of “Reph”. An initial “Ra,Halant,ZWJ” sequence should not produce a “Reph”, where an initial “Ra,Halant” sequence without the zero-width joiner otherwise would.

The no-break space (NBSP) is primarily used to display those codepoints that are defined as non-spacing (marks, dependent vowels (matras), below-base consonant forms, and post-base consonant forms) in an isolated context, as an alternative to displaying them superimposed on the dotted-circle placeholder. These sequences will match “NBSP,ZWJ,Halant,Consonant”, “NBSP,mark”, or “NBSP,matra”.