Mongolian character tables

This document lists the per-character shaping information needed to shape Mongolian text.

Contents

• Mongolian character table

• Mongolian Supplement character table

• Miscellaneous character table

Mongolian character table

Mongolian glyphs should be classified as in the following table. Codepoints in the Mongolian block with no assigned meaning are designated as unassigned in the Unicode category column.

The Joining type column indicates whether each codepoint is defined as joining with adjacent characters on the left side, right side, left and right sides (“DUAL”), or neither side (“NON_JOINING”). Codepoints designated TRANSPARENT in the Joining type column do not join with adjacent characters and, in addition, do not affect the joining behavior of surrounding characters. Non-spacing marks are of type TRANSPARENT. Codepoints designated JOIN_CAUSING force adjacent characters to join.

The Joining group column lists the fundamental letter that the listed codepoint behaves like for joining purposes.

Assigned codepoints with a null in the Joining group column evoke no special behavior from the shaping engine during the join-computation stage.

The Mark class column indicates the Canonical Combining Class for the codepoint. Marks are assigned non-zero combining classes so that sequences of adjacent marks can be reordered as required by the orthography.

For Mongolian, a subset of marks in the 220 and 230 classes are also designated Modifier Combining Marks (MCM). These are denoted with 220_MCM and 230_MCM in the Mark class column. The MCM marks are treated differently during the mark-reordering stage.

Table 49 Mongolian character table

Codepoint	Unicode category	Joining type	Joining group	Mark class	Glyph
U+1800	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠀ Mongolian Birga
U+1801	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠁ Mongolian Ellipsis
U+1802	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠂ Mongolian Comma
U+1803	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠃ Mongolian Full Stop
U+1804	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠄ Mongolian Colon
U+1805	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠅ Mongolian Four Dots
U+1806	Punctuation [Pd]	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠆ Todo Soft Hyphen
U+1807	Punctuation	DUAL	null	0	᠇ Sibe Syllable Boundary Mark
U+1808	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠈ Manchu Comma
U+1809	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠉ Manchu Full Stop
U+180A	Punctuation	JOIN_CAUSING	null	0	᠊ Mongolian Nirugu
U+180B	Mark [Mn]	TRANSPARENT	null	0	᠋ Free Variation Selector One
U+180C	Mark [Mn]	TRANSPARENT	null	0	᠌ Free Variation Selector Two
U+180D	Mark [Mn]	TRANSPARENT	null	0	᠍ Free Variation Selector Three
U+180E	Formatting	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠎ Mongolian Vowel Separator
U+180F	Mark [Mn]	TRANSPARENT	null	0	᠏ Free Variation Selector Four
U+1810	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠐ Digit Zero
U+1811	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠑ Digit One
U+1812	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠒ Digit Two
U+1813	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠓ Digit Three
U+1814	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠔ Digit Four
U+1815	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠕ Digit Five
U+1816	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠖ Digit Six
U+1817	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠗ Digit Seven
U+1818	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠘ Digit Eight
U+1819	Number	NON_JOINING	null	0	᠙ Digit Nine
U+181A	unassigned
U+181B	unassigned
U+181C	unassigned
U+181D	unassigned
U+181E	unassigned
U+181F	unassigned
U+1820	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠠ A
U+1821	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠡ E
U+1822	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠢ I
U+1823	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠣ O
U+1824	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠤ U
U+1825	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠥ Oe
U+1827	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠦ Ue
U+1827	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠧ Ee
U+1828	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠨ Na
U+1829	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠩ Ang
U+182A	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠪ Ba
U+182B	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠫ Pa
U+182C	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠬ Qa
U+182D	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠭ Ga
U+182E	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠮ Ma
U+182F	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠯ La
U+1830	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠰ Sa
U+1831	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠱ Sha
U+1832	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠲ Ta
U+1833	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠳ Da
U+1834	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠴ Cha
U+1835	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠵ Ja
U+1836	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠶ Ya
U+1837	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠷ Ra
U+1838	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠸ Wa
U+1839	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠹ Fa
U+183A	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠺ Ka
U+183B	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠻ Kha
U+183C	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠼ Tsa
U+183D	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠽ Za
U+183E	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠾ Haa
U+183F	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᠿ Zra
U+1840	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡀ Lha
U+1841	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡁ Zhi
U+1842	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡂ Chi
U+1843	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡃ Todo Long Vowel Sign
U+1844	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡄ Todo E
U+1845	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡅ Todo I
U+1846	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡆ Todo O
U+1847	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡇ Todo U
U+1848	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡈ Todo Oe
U+1849	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡉ Todo Ue
U+184A	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡊ Todo Ang
U+184B	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡋ Todo Ba
U+184C	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡌ Todo Pa
U+184D	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡍ Todo Qa
U+184E	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡎ Todo Ga
U+184F	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡏ Todo Ma
U+1850	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡐ Todo Ta
U+1851	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡑ Todo Da
U+1852	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡒ Todo Cha
U+1853	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡓ Todo Ja
U+1854	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡔ Todo Tsa
U+1855	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡕ Todo Ya
U+1856	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡖ Todo Wa
U+1857	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡗ Todo Ka
U+1858	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡘ Todo Gaa
U+1859	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡙ Todo Haa
U+185A	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡚ Todo Jia
U+185B	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡛ Todo Nia
U+185C	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡜ Todo Dza
U+185D	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡝ Sibe E
U+185E	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡞ Sibe I
U+185F	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡟ Sibe Iy
U+1860	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡠ Sibe Ue
U+1861	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡡ Sibe U
U+1862	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡢ Sibe Ang
U+1863	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡣ Sibe Ka
U+1864	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡤ Sibe Ga
U+1865	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡥ Sibe Ha
U+1866	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡦ Sibe Pa
U+1867	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡧ Sibe Sha
U+1868	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡨ Sibe Ta
U+1869	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡩ Sibe Da
U+186A	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡪ Sibe Ja
U+186B	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡫ Sibe Fa
U+186C	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡬ Sibe Gaa
U+186D	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡭ Sibe Haa
U+186E	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡮ Sibe Tsa
U+186F	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡯ Sibe Za
U+1870	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡰ Sibe Raa
U+1871	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡱ Sibe Cha
U+1872	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡲ Sibe Zha
U+1873	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡳ Manchu I
U+1874	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡴ Manchu Ka
U+1875	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡵ Manchu Ra
U+1876	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡶ Manchu Fa
U+1877	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡷ Manchu Zha
U+1878	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᡸ Cha With Two Dots
U+1879	unassigned
U+187A	unassigned
U+187B	unassigned
U+187C	unassigned
U+187D	unassigned
U+187E	unassigned
U+187F	unassigned
U+1880	Letter	NON_JOINING	null	0	ᢀ Ali Gali Anusvara One
U+1881	Letter	NON_JOINING	null	0	ᢁ Ali Gali Visarga One
U+1882	Letter	NON_JOINING	null	0	ᢂ Ali Gali Damaru
U+1883	Letter	NON_JOINING	null	0	ᢃ Ali Gali Ubadama
U+1884	Letter	NON_JOINING	null	0	ᢄ Ali Gali Inverted Ubadama
U+1885	Mark [Mn]	TRANSPARENT	null	0	ᢅ Ali Gali Baluda
U+1886	Mark [Mn]	TRANSPARENT	null	0	ᢆ Ali Gali Three Baluda
U+1887	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢇ Ali Gali A
U+1888	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢈ Ali Gali I
U+1889	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢉ Ali Gali Ka
U+188A	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢊ Ali Gali Nga
U+188B	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢋ Ali Gali Ca
U+188C	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢌ Ali Gali Tta
U+188D	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢍ Ali Gali Ttha
U+188E	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢎ Ali Gali Dda
U+188F	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢏ Ali Gali Nna
U+1890	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢐ Ali Gali Ta
U+1891	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢑ Ali Gali Da
U+1892	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢒ Ali Gali Pa
U+1893	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢓ Ali Gali Pha
U+1894	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢔ Ali Gali Ssa
U+1895	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢕ Ali Gali Zha
U+1896	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢖ Ali Gali Za
U+1897	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢗ Ali Gali Ah
U+1898	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢘ Todo Ali Gali Ta
U+1899	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢙ Todo Ali Gali Zha
U+189A	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢚ Manchu Ali Gali Gha
U+189B	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢛ Manchu Ali Gali Nga
U+189C	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢜ Manchu Ali Gali Ca
U+189D	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢝ Manchu Ali Gali Jha
U+189E	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢞ Manchu Ali Gali Tta
U+189F	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢟ Manchu Ali Gali Ddha
U+18A0	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢠ Manchu Ali Gali Ta
U+18A1	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢡ Manchu Ali Gali Dha
U+18A2	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢢ Manchu Ali Gali Ssa
U+18A3	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢣ Manchu Ali Gali Cya
U+18A4	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢤ Manchu Ali Gali Zha
U+18A5	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢥ Manchu Ali Gali Za
U+18A6	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢦ Ali Gali Half U
U+18A7	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢧ Ali Gali Half Ya
U+18A8	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢨ Manchu Ali Gali Bha
U+18A9	Mark [Mn]	TRANSPARENT	null	228	ᢩ Ali Gali Dagalga
U+18AA	Letter	DUAL	null	0	ᢪ Manchu Ali Gali Lha
U+18AB	unassigned
U+18AC	unassigned
U+18AD	unassigned
U+18AE	unassigned
U+18AF	unassigned

Mongolian Supplement character table

The Mongolian Supplement block includes variants of the birga mark used to denote the beginning of a text.

Table 50 Mongolian Supplement character table

Codepoint	Unicode category	Joining type	Joining group	Mark class	Glyph
U+11660	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙠 Birga with Ornament
U+11661	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙡 Rotated Birga
U+11662	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙢 Double Birga with Ornament
U+11663	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙣 Triple Birga with Ornament
U+11664	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙤 Birga with Double Ornament
U+11665	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙥 Rotated Birga with Ornament
U+11666	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙦 Rotated Birga with Double Ornament
U+11667	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙧 Inverted Birga
U+11668	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙨 Inverted Birga with Double Ornament
U+11669	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙩 Swirl Birga
U+1166A	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙪 Swirl Birga with Ornament
U+1166B	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙫 Swirl Birga with Double Ornament
U+1166C	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	𑙬 Turned Swirl Birga with Double Ornament
U+1166D	unassigned
U+1166E	unassigned
U+1166F	unassigned
U+11670	unassigned
U+11671	unassigned
U+11672	unassigned
U+11673	unassigned
U+11674	unassigned
U+11675	unassigned
U+11676	unassigned
U+11677	unassigned
U+11678	unassigned
U+11679	unassigned
U+1167A	unassigned
U+1167B	unassigned
U+1167C	unassigned
U+1167D	unassigned
U+1167E	unassigned
U+1167F	unassigned

Miscellaneous character table

Other important characters that may be encountered when shaping runs of Mongolian text include the dotted-circle placeholder (U+25CC), the combining grapheme joiner (U+034F), the zero-width joiner (U+200D) and zero-width non-joiner (U+200C), the left-to-right text marker (U+200E) and right-to-left text marker (U+200F), and the no-break space (U+00A0).

The dotted-circle placeholder is frequently used when displaying a combining mark in isolation. Real-world text syllables may also use other characters, such as hyphens or dashes, in a similar placeholder fashion; shaping engines should cope with this situation gracefully.

Table 51 Miscellaneous character table

Codepoint	Unicode category	Joining type	Joining group	Mark class	Glyph
U+00A0	Separator	NON_JOINING	null	0	No-break space
U+200C	Other	NON_JOINING	null	0	‌ Zero-width non-joiner
U+200D	Other	JOIN_CAUSING	null	0	‍ Zero-width joiner
U+2010	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	‐ Hyphen
U+2011	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	‑ No-break hyphen
U+2012	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	‒ Figure dash
U+2013	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	– En dash
U+2014	Punctuation	NON_JOINING	null	0	— Em dash
U+202F	Separator	NON_JOINING	null	0	Narrow No-Break Space
U+25CC	Symbol	NON_JOINING	null	0	◌ Dotted circle

The zero-width joiner (ZWJ) is primarily used to force the usage of the cursive connecting form of a letter even when the context of the adjoining letters would not trigger the connecting form.

For example, to show the initial form of a letter in isolation (such as for displaying it in a table of forms), the sequence “Letter,ZWJ” would be used. To show the medial form of a letter in isolation, the sequence “ZWJ,Letter,ZWJ” would be used.

The no-break space is primarily used to display those codepoints that are defined as non-spacing (such as vowel or diacritical marks and “Hamza”) in an isolated context, as an alternative to displaying them superimposed on the dotted-circle placeholder.

The narrow no-break space is used in Mongolian to insert a small gap between a word and its suffix.